您可以通过联接执行以下操作：
select * from table a
inner join (
select id,
max(
if(`date` <= __LOWERLIMIT__ ,`date`, 0)
) as min_date,
min(
if(`date` >= __UPPERLIMIT__ , `date`, UNIX_TIMESTAMP())
) as max_date
from table
where id = __ID__
group by id
) range on
range.id = a.id and
a.`date` between min_date and max_date;
我不是MysqL专家，因此如果需要一些语法调整，我们深表歉意。
OP也发现了这个非常好的解决方案。
(select * from t where date < start_date order by date desc limit 1)
union (select * FROM t WHERE date between start_date and end_date)
union (select * from t where date > end_date order by date asc limit 1)
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