您已经编写了native查询，因此，尝试将nativeQuery传递为true
@Query("select id, x, y from test where x = :x", nativeQuery = true)
或者你可以写HQL查询
@Query("SELECT t.id, t.x, t.y FROM Test t where t.x = :x")
请参考此链接以获取更多信息。https://docs.spring.io/spring- data/jpa/docs/current/reference/html/#jpa.query-methods.at- query
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