您实际上非常接近。所需格式为：
[
98 => ['company_id' => 129],
99 => ['company_id' => 130],
100 => ['company_id' => 131]
]
这应该生成正确的数组：
$extra = array_map(function($companyId){
return ['company_id' => $companyId];
}, $allCompanyIds);
$data = array_combine($allPositionIds, $extra);
$user->positions()->sync($data);
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