您JOIN和的WHERE子句非常混乱，就像我上面的评论中提到的问题一样。
试试这个：
SELECT `User`.`id`
FROM `users` AS `User`
INNER JOIN `attempts` AS `Attempt` ON `Attempt`.`user_id` = `User`.`id`
INNER JOIN `resumes` AS `Resume` ON `Resume`.`user_id` = `User`.`id`
WHERE `Attempt`.`test_id` = 964
AND `Attempt`.`score` > 10
AND `Resume`.`has_file` = 1
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