这应该表现良好：
CREATE TEMP TABLE tmp AS SELECT * FROM tbl LIMIT 0 -- copy layout, but no data
COPY tmp FROM '/absolute/path/to/file' FORMAT csv;
INSERT INTO tbl
SELECT tmp.*
FROM tmp
LEFT JOIN tbl USING (tbl_id)
WHERE tbl.tbl_id IS NULL;
DROP TABLE tmp; -- else dropped at end of session automatically
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