改进的答案，如OP自己的评论中所述，并且还包括后续问题的答案。
PDDocument doc = new PDDocument();
PDPage page = new PDPage();
doc.addPage(page);
COSDictionary acroFormDict = new COSDictionary();
PDAcroForm acroForm = new PDAcroForm(doc, acroFormDict);
doc.getDocumentCatalog().setAcroForm(acroForm);
acroForm.setFields(new ArrayList<>());
PDPushButton button = new PDPushButton(acroForm);
button.setPartialName("Btn1");
PDActionJavaScript actionJavaScript = new PDActionJavaScript("this.closeDoc();");
PDAnnotationAdditionalActions additionalActions = new PDAnnotationAdditionalActions();
additionalActions.setU(actionJavaScript);
// widget
PDAnnotationWidget widget = button.getWidgets().get(0);
widget.setActions(additionalActions);
widget.setRectangle(new PDRectangle(100, 700, 100, 50));
PDColor colourBlack = new PDColor(new float[] { 0, 0, 0 }, PDDeviceRGB.INSTANCE);
PDAppearancecharacteristicsDictionary fieldAppearance
= new PDAppearancecharacteristicsDictionary(new COSDictionary());
fieldAppearance.setBorderColour(colourBlack);
widget.setAppearancecharacteristics(fieldAppearance);
// Create appearance
PDAppearanceDictionary appearanceDictionary = new PDAppearanceDictionary();
PDAppearanceStream appearanceStream = new PDAppearanceStream(doc);
appearanceStream.setResources(new PDResources());
try (PDPageContentStream cs = new PDPageContentStream(doc, appearanceStream))
{
PDRectangle b@R_136_2419@ = new PDRectangle(widget.getRectangle().getWidth(), widget.getRectangle().getHeight());
appearanceStream.setB@R_136_2419@(b@R_136_2419@);
cs.setNonStrokingColor(0, 0, 0); // black
cs.addRect(b@R_136_2419@.getLowerLeftX() + 0.5f, b@R_136_2419@.getLowerLeftY() + 0.5f, b@R_136_2419@.getWidth() - 1, b@R_136_2419@.getHeight() - 1);
cs.stroke();
// put some useful text
cs.setFont(PDType1Font.HELVETICA, 20);
cs.beginText();
cs.newLineAtOffset(20, 20);
cs.showText("Close");
cs.endText();
}
appearanceDictionary.setNormalAppearance(appearanceStream);
widget.setAppearance(appearanceDictionary);
page.getAnnotations().add(widget);
acroForm.getFields().add(button);
doc.save("..../Button.pdf");
doc.close();
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