在类路径上的目录中，从同一类加载器加载的类中，你应该能够使用以下任一种：
// From ClassLoader, all paths are "absolute" already - there's no context
// from which they Could be relative. Therefore you don't need a leading slash.
InputStream in = this.getClass().getClassLoader()
.getResourceAsStream("SomeTextFile.txt");
// From Class, the path is relative to the package of the class unless
// you include a leading slash, so if you don't want to use the current
// package, include a slash like this:
InputStream in = this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("/SomeTextFile.txt");
如果这些都不起作用，则表明还有其他问题。
因此，例如，使用以下代码：
package dummy;
import java.io.*;
public class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
InputStream stream = Test.class.getResourceAsStream("/SomeTextFile.txt");
System.out.println(stream != null);
stream = Test.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("SomeTextFile.txt");
System.out.println(stream != null);
}
}
而这个目录结构：
code
dummy
Test.class
txt
SomeTextFile.txt
然后（使用Linux机器上的Unix路径分隔符）：
java -classpath code:txt dummy.Test
结果：
true
true
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