在Linux中，对于进程PID，请查看/proc/PID/maps和/proc/PID/smaps伪文件。（该过程本身可以使用/proc/self/maps和/proc/self/smaps。）
它们的内容记录在man 5 proc中。
：
#ifndef MEM_STATS_H
#define MEM_STATS_H
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#define PERMS_READ 1U
#define PERMS_WRITE 2U
#define PERMS_EXEC 4U
#define PERMS_SHARED 8U
#define PERMS_PRIVATE 16U
typedef struct address_range address_range;
struct address_range {
struct address_range *next;
void *start;
size_t length;
unsigned long offset;
dev_t device;
ino_t inode;
unsigned char perms;
char name[];
};
address_range *mem_stats(pid_t);
void free_mem_stats(address_range *);
#endif /* MEM_STATS_H */
：
#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L
#define _BSD_SOURCE
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "mem-stats.h"
void free_mem_stats(address_range *list)
{
while (list) {
address_range *curr = list;
list = list->next;
curr->next = NULL;
curr->length = 0;
curr->perms = 0U;
curr->name[0] = '\0';
free(curr);
}
}
address_range *mem_stats(pid_t pid)
{
address_range *list = NULL;
char *line = NULL;
size_t size = 0;
FILE *maps;
if (pid > 0) {
char namebuf[128];
int namelen;
namelen = snprintf(namebuf, sizeof namebuf, "/proc/%ld/maps", (long)pid);
if (namelen < 12) {
errno = EINVAL;
return NULL;
}
maps = fopen(namebuf, "r");
} else
maps = fopen("/proc/self/maps", "r");
if (!maps)
return NULL;
while (getline(&line, &size, maps) > 0) {
address_range *curr;
char perms[8];
unsigned int devmajor, devminor;
unsigned long addr_start, addr_end, offset, inode;
int name_start = 0;
int name_end = 0;
if (sscanf(line, "%lx-%lx %7s %lx %u:%u %lu %n%*[^\n]%n",
&addr_start, &addr_end, perms, &offset,
&devmajor, &devminor, &inode,
&name_start, &name_end) < 7) {
fclose(maps);
free(line);
free_mem_stats(list);
errno = EIO;
return NULL;
}
if (name_end <= name_start)
name_start = name_end = 0;
curr = malloc(sizeof (address_range) + (size_t)(name_end - name_start) + 1);
if (!curr) {
fclose(maps);
free(line);
free_mem_stats(list);
errno = ENOMEM;
return NULL;
}
if (name_end > name_start)
memcpy(curr->name, line + name_start, name_end - name_start);
curr->name[name_end - name_start] = '\0';
curr->start = (void *)addr_start;
curr->length = addr_end - addr_start;
curr->offset = offset;
curr->device = makedev(devmajor, devminor);
curr->inode = (ino_t)inode;
curr->perms = 0U;
if (strchr(perms, 'r'))
curr->perms |= PERMS_READ;
if (strchr(perms, 'w'))
curr->perms |= PERMS_WRITE;
if (strchr(perms, 'x'))
curr->perms |= PERMS_EXEC;
if (strchr(perms, 's'))
curr->perms |= PERMS_SHARED;
if (strchr(perms, 'p'))
curr->perms |= PERMS_PRIVATE;
curr->next = list;
list = curr;
}
free(line);
if (!feof(maps) || ferror(maps)) {
fclose(maps);
free_mem_stats(list);
errno = EIO;
return NULL;
}
if (fclose(maps)) {
free_mem_stats(list);
errno = EIO;
return NULL;
}
errno = 0;
return list;
}
使用以上示例的示例程序 ：
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "mem-stats.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int arg, pid;
char dummy;
if (argc < 2 || !strcmp(argv[1], "-h") || !strcmp(argv[1], "--help")) {
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [ -h | --help ]\n", argv[0]);
fprintf(stderr, " %s PID\n", argv[0]);
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
fprintf(stderr, "You can use PID 0 as an alias for the command itself.\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
for (arg = 1; arg < argc; arg++)
if (sscanf(argv[arg], " %i %c", &pid, &dummy) == 1) {
address_range *list, *curr;
if (!pid)
pid = getpid();
list = mem_stats((pid_t)pid);
if (!list) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot obtain memory usage of process %d: %s.\n", pid, strerror(errno));
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
printf("Process %d:\n", pid);
for (curr = list; curr != NULL; curr = curr->next)
printf("\t%p .. %p: %s\n", curr->start, (void *)((char *)curr->start + curr->length), curr->name);
printf("\n");
fflush(stdout);
free_mem_stats(list);
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: Invalid PID.\n", argv[arg]);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
和一个使构建起来很简单的 ：
CC := gcc
CFLAGS := -Wall -Wextra -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer
LDFLAGS :=
PROGS := example
.PHONY: all clean
all: clean $(PROGS)
clean:
rm -f *.o $(PROGS)
%.o: %.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $^
example: mem-stats.o example.o
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $^ $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
请注意，上面的Makefile中的三行缩进行 使用制表符，而不是空格。似乎这里的编辑器将制表符转换为空格，因此您需要修复此问题，例如通过使用
sed -e 's|^ *|\t|' -i Makefile
如果您不解决缩进问题，而在Makefile中使用空格，则会看到类似于的错误消息*** missing separator. Stop。
某些编辑器会自动将tab按键转换为多个空格，因此您可能需要研究使用的任何编辑器的编辑器设置。通常，编辑者会完整保留粘贴的制表符，因此您始终可以尝试从另一个程序粘贴制表符。
要编译并运行，请保存以上文件并运行：
make
./example 0
打印示例程序本身使用的内存范围。例如，如果您想查看PulseAudio守护程序使用的内存范围，请运行：
./example $(ps -o pid= -C pulseaudio)
请注意，适用标准访问限制。普通用户只能看到以该用户身份运行的进程的内存范围。否则，您需要超级用户权限（sudo或类似权限）。
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